Free eBook on: Introduction to Highway Hydraulics

Hydraulic Design Series No. 4 provides an introduction to highway hydraulics. Hydrologic techniques presented concentrate on methods suitable to small areas, since many components of highway drainage (culverts, storm drains, ditches, etc) service primarily small areas. A brief review of fundamental hydraulic concepts is provided, including continuity, energy, momentum, hydrostatics, weir flow and orifice flow. The
document then presents open channel flow principles and design applications, followed by a parallel discussion of closed conduit principles and design applications. Open channel applications include discussion of stable channel design and pavement drainage. Closed conduit applications include culvert and storm drain design. Examples are provided to help illustrate important concepts. An overview of energy dissipaters is provided and the document concludes with a brief discussion of construction, maintenance and economic issues.
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. General
1.2. Types of Drainage Facilities
1.3. Design Philosophy
1.4. Metric System
2. ESTIMATING STORM RUNOFF FROM SMALL AREAS
2.1. General
2.2. Storm Runoff
2.3. Analysis of Gaged Data
2.4. Rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency Analysis
2.5. The Rational Method
2.5.1. Equation and Assumptions
2.5.2. Runoff Coefficient
2.5.3. Time of Concentration
2.5.4. Rainfall Intensity
2.5.5. Drainage Area
2.5.6. Computing the Design Discharge for Complex Drainage Areas
2.6. Regression Methods
2.6.1. Overview of Regression Methods
2.6.2. Rural Regression Equations
2.6.3. Urban Regression Equations
2.6.4. The National Flood Frequency Program
2.7. HYDRAIN Computer System
3. FUNDAMENTAL HYDRAULIC CONCEPTS
3.1. General
3.2. Definitions
3.3. Basic Principles
3.3.1. Introduction
3.3.2. Continuity Equation
3.3.3. Energy Equation
3.3.4. Momentum Equation
3.3.5. Hydrostatics
3.4. Weirs and Orifices
3.4.1. Weirs
3.4.2. Orifices
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